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Summary here
SAP FI Transactions: Process Flow, Hierarchy & Relationships
TL;DR
- SAP FI transactional objects span six phases — General Ledger Posting, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Bank Accounting, Asset Accounting, and Period-End Closing — covering the full financial accounting cycle from daily journal entries to annual financial statements.
- The dependency order follows strict phase sequencing: parked documents must be approved before posting; customer and vendor invoices drive downstream payment and clearing; asset acquisition triggers depreciation simulation and depreciation run; period-end closing must execute in the order accrual/deferral → FX valuation → GR/IR clearing → reclassification → balance carryforward → financial statement.
- Each end-to-end accounting scenario (GL posting, AR cash/bill collection, AP cash/bill payment, asset accounting, period-end closing) is covered in detail in FI-B02 onward.
1) Transaction Process Flow
2) Hierarchy Structure
3) ER Diagram
4) Transaction Process
| Phase | Object | Integration | Planned | Actual | Prerequisite | Tr-Cd | Description | Practical Examples | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 General Ledger Posting | Parked Document | - | Parked Document | - | G/L Account | FV50/FBV2 | Temporarily save a journal entry pending approval | Enter an expense reimbursement document and save pending manager approval | FI End User |
| Journal Entry | CO | - | Parked Document | Parked Document | FBV0/FB50 | Post a journal entry to the general ledger | Post an approved expense reimbursement to update account balances | FI End User | |
| Recurring Entry Document | - | - | - | G/L Account | FBD1/F.14 | Automatically generate periodic journal entries | Automatically post monthly rent payments | FI Administrator | |
| 2 Accounts Receivable | Parked Customer Invoice | - | Parked Customer Invoice | - | Customer Master | FV70 | Temporarily save a customer invoice pending approval | Enter a sales invoice and save pending approval | FI End User |
| Customer Invoice [Cash] | SD | Customer Invoice [Cash] | Parked Customer Invoice | Parked Customer Invoice | FB70/F-22 | Post a customer invoice for cash collection | Post a 1,000,000 JPY product sales invoice | FI End User | |
| Customer Invoice [Bills] | SD | Customer Invoice [Bills] | Parked Customer Invoice | Parked Customer Invoice | FB70/F-22 | Post a customer invoice for bill collection | Post a 2,000,000 JPY invoice under bill settlement terms | FI End User | |
| Parked Customer Credit Memo | - | Parked Customer Credit Memo | - | Customer Master | FV75 | Temporarily save a customer credit memo pending approval | Enter a return credit memo and save pending approval | FI End User | |
| Customer Credit Memo | SD | - | Parked Customer Credit Memo | Parked Customer Credit Memo | FB75/F-27 | Post a credit memo to the customer | Post a 100,000 JPY credit memo for a return | FI End User | |
| Customer Payment | - | - | Customer Invoice [Cash] | Customer Invoice [Cash] | F-28/F-26 | Process incoming payment from customer (includes clearing) | Post a 1,000,000 JPY receipt and clear the invoice | FI End User | |
| Dunning | - | - | - | Customer Invoice | F150 | Issue dunning notice to overdue customers | Issue a dunning notice to a customer 30 days past due | FI Administrator | |
| Bills Receivable | - | Bills Receivable | Customer Invoice [Bills] | Customer Invoice [Bills] | F-36 | Register a bill of exchange receivable | Register a promissory note received from a customer | FI End User | |
| Bill Presentation | - | Bill Presentation | Bills Receivable | Bills Receivable | F-34 | Present the bill to the bank | Present a matured bill to the bank | FI End User | |
| Bill Collection | - | - | Bill Presentation | Bill Presentation | F-33/FBWE | Collect the bill proceeds | Receive 2,000,000 JPY bill proceeds from the bank | FI End User | |
| 3 Accounts Payable | Parked Vendor Invoice | - | Parked Vendor Invoice | - | Vendor Master | FV60 | Temporarily save a vendor invoice pending approval | Enter a purchase invoice and save pending approval | FI End User |
| Vendor Invoice [Cash] | MM | Vendor Invoice [Cash] | Parked Vendor Invoice | Parked Vendor Invoice | FB60/F-43 | Post a vendor invoice for cash payment | Post a 500,000 JPY raw material purchase invoice | FI End User | |
| Vendor Invoice [Bills] | MM | Vendor Invoice [Bills] | Parked Vendor Invoice | Parked Vendor Invoice | FB60/F-43 | Post a vendor invoice for bill payment | Post a 3,000,000 JPY invoice under bill settlement terms | FI End User | |
| Parked Vendor Credit Memo | - | Parked Vendor Credit Memo | - | Vendor Master | FV65 | Temporarily save a vendor credit memo pending approval | Enter a return credit memo and save pending approval | FI End User | |
| Vendor Credit Memo | MM | - | Parked Vendor Credit Memo | Parked Vendor Credit Memo | FB65/F-41 | Post a credit memo from the vendor | Post a 50,000 JPY credit memo for defective goods returned | FI End User | |
| Payment Run | - | - | Vendor Invoice [Cash] | Vendor Invoice [Cash] | F110 | Execute bulk automatic payment to vendors (includes clearing) | Run month-end bulk payment to all vendors | FI Administrator | |
| Vendor Payment | - | - | Vendor Invoice [Cash] | Vendor Invoice [Cash] | F-53 | Process individual vendor payment (includes clearing) | Pay 500,000 JPY to a vendor by bank transfer | FI End User | |
| Bills Payable | - | Bills Payable | Vendor Invoice [Bills] | Vendor Invoice [Bills] | F-40 | Register a bill of exchange payable | Issue a 3,000,000 JPY promissory note to a vendor | FI End User | |
| Bill Settlement | - | - | Bills Payable | Bills Payable | F-20 | Settle the bill on maturity | Settle a 3,000,000 JPY bill on its due date | FI End User | |
| 4 Bank Accounting | Bank Statement | - | - | - | House Bank | FF67/FEBP | Import and reconcile bank statement | Import electronic bank statement and match receipts and payments | FI Administrator |
| Cash Journal | - | - | - | G/L Account | FBCJ | Manage petty cash receipts and disbursements | Record daily petty cash receipts and disbursements | FI End User | |
| Check Management | - | - | - | House Bank | FCH1/FCH5 | Issue and manage payment checks | Issue a payment check and track its number | FI Administrator | |
| 5 Asset Accounting | Asset Acquisition | MM | - | - | Asset Master | F-90/ABZON | Acquire and register a fixed asset | Acquire manufacturing equipment for 10,000,000 JPY and register it as an asset | FI-AA Administrator |
| Depreciation Simulation | - | Depreciation Simulation | - | Asset Master | AR00/S_ALR_87012936 | Simulate depreciation before the actual run | Simulate annual depreciation charges in advance | FI-AA Administrator | |
| Asset Depreciation Run | - | - | Depreciation Simulation | Depreciation Simulation | AFAB | Execute and post depreciation | Batch-post monthly depreciation for all assets | FI-AA Administrator | |
| Asset Transfer | - | - | - | Asset Master | ABUMN | Transfer a fixed asset between entities | Transfer an asset from head office to a plant | FI-AA Administrator | |
| Asset Retirement | - | - | - | Asset Master | ABAON | Retire and scrap a fixed asset | Scrap and retire aging equipment | FI-AA Administrator | |
| Asset Sale | SD | - | - | Asset Master | ABAON | Sell a fixed asset | Sell an idle asset for 3,000,000 JPY | FI-AA Administrator | |
| 6 Period-End Closing | Accrual/Deferral Document | - | - | - | G/L Account | FBS1/FBB1 | Execute accrual and deferral postings | Post accrued expenses and prepaid expenses | FI Administrator |
| Foreign Currency Valuation | - | - | - | G/L Account | FAGL_FC_VAL | Revalue foreign currency receivables and payables | Revalue USD-denominated receivables at month-end exchange rate | FI Administrator | |
| GR/IR Clearing | MM | - | - | G/L Account | F.13 | Adjust goods receipt / invoice receipt account | Adjust the difference between received and invoiced amounts | FI Administrator | |
| Reclassification | - | - | - | G/L Account | F101 | Reclassify account balances | Reclassify long-term receivables to short-term | FI Administrator | |
| Balance Carryforward | - | - | - | G/L Account | FAGLGVTR | Carry forward balances to the next fiscal year | Carry forward balance sheet balances to the new year at year-end | FI Administrator | |
| Financial Statement | - | - | - | G/L Account | S_ALR_87012284 | Generate balance sheet and income statement | Produce monthly and annual financial statements | FI Administrator |
(*1) The Planned/Actual columns follow a 1:1 mapping as a rule. Where a downstream process branches, the source object is shared across multiple targets as a simplification (1:N mapping allowed).
(*2) Payment Run (automatic payment) and Vendor Payment (manual payment) are parallel alternatives. Both execute payment and clearing simultaneously, so both reference the same upstream object as their Actual.
What to Read Next
L1) Big Picture
| ID | Category | Title |
|---|---|---|
| fi-001 | Overview | What is SAP FI? |
L2-A) Master Data
| ID | Category | Title |
|---|---|---|
| fi-a01 | Overview | SAP FI Master Data: Overview, Hierarchy & Relationships |
| fi-a02-01 | Master Data | SAP FI Material Master |
| fi-a03-01 | Master Data | SAP FI Chart of Accounts |
| fi-a03-02 | Master Data | SAP FI G/L Account |
| fi-a04-01 | Master Data | SAP FI Payment Terms |
| fi-a04-02 | Master Data | SAP FI Tax Code |
| fi-a06-01 | Master Data | SAP FI Bank Master |
| fi-a06-02 | Master Data | SAP FI House Bank |
| fi-a07-01 | Master Data | SAP FI Asset Class |
| fi-a07-02 | Master Data | SAP FI Depreciation Key |
| fi-a07-03 | Master Data | SAP FI Asset Master |
L2-B) Transaction
| ID | Category | Title |
|---|---|---|
| fi-b01 | Overview | SAP FI Transactions: Process Flow, Hierarchy & Relationships 📍 |